The Boiling of Drinking Water

نویسنده

  • J. G. Fleming
چکیده

Sir,?Dr. A. Mitra, of Kashmir, wrote recommending the boiling of water in 1888, but Sir Joseph Fayrer anil Dr. (now Sir) Joseph Ewart wrote the same thing at least four years before, vi le "The book of Health," published by Cassell & Co., Ld., 3rd Edition, page 927, paragraph on the purification of drinking water. The article contributed by those eminent men is headed, " Health in India." The book is known to missionaries, and as these gentlemen are to be met in every province of India, it is, I think, not improbable that the kettle theory was known to a good few some years?at least ten?before the apostle of the kettle theory arrived in India.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Assessing the microbiological performance and potential cost of boiling drinking water in urban Zambia.

Boiling is the most common method of disinfecting water in the home and the benchmark against which other point-of-use water treatment is measured. In a six-week study in peri-urban Zambia, we assessed the microbiological effectiveness and potential cost of boiling among 49 households without a water connection who reported "always" or "almost always" boiling their water before drinking it. Sou...

متن کامل

Microbiological effectiveness and cost of boiling to disinfect drinking water in rural Vietnam.

Despite certain shortcomings, boiling is still the most common means of treating water in the home and the benchmark against which alternative household-based disinfection and filtration methods must be measured. We assessed the microbiological effectiveness and cost of boiling among a vulnerable population relying on unimproved water sources and commonly practicing boiling as a means of disinf...

متن کامل

Microbiological Evaluation of Household Drinking Water Treatment in Rural China Shows Benefits of Electric Kettles: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND In rural China ~607 million people drink boiled water, yet little is known about prevailing household water treatment (HWT) methods or their effectiveness. Boiling, the most common HWT method globally, is microbiologically effective, but household air pollution (HAP) from burning solid fuels causes cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and black carbon emissions exacerbate climate ...

متن کامل

Microbiological effectiveness of disinfecting water by boiling in rural Guatemala.

Boiling is the most common means of treating water in the home and the benchmark against which alternative point-of-use water treatment options must be compared. In a 5-week study in rural Guatemala among 45 households who claimed they always or almost always boiled their drinking water, boiling was associated with a 86.2% reduction in geometric mean thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) (N = 206, P <...

متن کامل

Microbiological effectiveness and cost of disinfecting water by boiling in semi-urban India.

Despite shortcomings, boiling is the most common means of treating water at home and the benchmark against which emerging point-of-use water treatment approaches are measured. In a 5-month study, we assessed the microbiological effectiveness and cost of the practice among 218 self-reported boilers relying on unprotected water supplies. Boiling was associated with a 99% reduction in geometric me...

متن کامل

Coping with poor water supplies: empirical evidence from Kathmandu, Nepal.

The authors examined the demand for clean drinking water using treatment behaviors in Kathmandu, Nepal. Water supply is inadequate, unreliable and low quality. Households engage in several strategies to cope with the unreliable and poor quality of water supplies. Some of the major coping strategies are hauling, storing, and point-of-use treatment. Boiling, filtering, and use of Uro-guard are so...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره 31  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2016